{"data":{"entities":[{"id":"proton-ag","name":"Proton AG","registration_number":"CHE-354.686.492","jurisdiction":"Switzerland","registered_seat":"Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva","status":"active","incorporated_on":null,"dissolved_on":null,"registry_url":"https://www.zefix.ch/en/search/entity/list/firm/1189263","registry_ref":"ehraid 1189263","operates_services":["proton-mail","proton-vpn","proton-drive","proton-pass"],"former_names":[{"name":"Proton Technologies AG","until":"2021-09-30","note":"Renamed by the same legal person, not a new company. The Swiss Official Gazette entry of 18.10.2021 reads 'Nouvelle raison sociale: Proton AG', with the statutes modified on 30.09.2021. The UID is unchanged either side of the rename, which is what proves it is one entity.","verification":"registry-primary"}],"verification":"registry-primary","source":{"label":"Zefix (Swiss Central Business Names Index), firm record 1189263","href":"https://www.zefix.ch/en/search/entity/list/firm/1189263"},"note":"A second, unrelated Proton AG exists in the Swiss register (CHE-363.321.658, seat Zürich, ehraid 1513956). It is a namesake with no connection to the mail and VPN business, and the UID is the only thing that separates them. Any lookup by name alone will return both.","retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"},{"id":"protonvpn-ag","name":"ProtonVPN AG","registration_number":"CHE-496.963.746","jurisdiction":"Switzerland","registered_seat":"Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva","status":"dissolved","incorporated_on":null,"dissolved_on":"2020-06-30","registry_url":"https://www.zefix.ch/en/search/entity/list/firm/1267543","registry_ref":"ehraid 1267543","operates_services":[],"former_names":[],"verification":"registry-primary","source":{"label":"Zefix, firm record 1267543 (struck from the register 30.06.2020)","href":"https://www.zefix.ch/en/search/entity/list/firm/1267543"},"note":"The VPN product had its own Swiss company until 2020. It no longer exists as a legal person.","retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"},{"id":"fondation-proton","name":"Fondation Proton","registration_number":"CHE-418.863.304","jurisdiction":"Switzerland","registered_seat":"Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva","status":"active","incorporated_on":null,"dissolved_on":null,"registry_url":"https://www.zefix.ch/en/search/entity/list/firm/1568928","registry_ref":"ehraid 1568928","operates_services":[],"former_names":[],"verification":"registry-primary","source":{"label":"Zefix, firm record 1568928","href":"https://www.zefix.ch/en/search/entity/list/firm/1568928"},"note":"Registered as a Swiss foundation whose stated purpose is supporting digital privacy and open-source cybersecurity technology. English-language material calls it the Proton Foundation; Fondation Proton is the name on the register.","retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"},{"id":"mullvad-vpn-ab","name":"Mullvad VPN AB","registration_number":"559238-4001","jurisdiction":"Sweden","registered_seat":null,"status":"active","incorporated_on":"2020-01-24","dissolved_on":null,"registry_url":"https://www.allabolag.se/5592384001","registry_ref":null,"operates_services":["mullvad-vpn","mullvad-dns"],"former_names":[],"verification":"registry-aggregator","source":{"label":"Bolagsverket company data for 559238-4001, via allabolag","href":"https://www.allabolag.se/5592384001"},"note":null,"retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"},{"id":"amagicom-ab","name":"Amagicom AB","registration_number":"556783-9807","jurisdiction":"Sweden","registered_seat":null,"status":"active","incorporated_on":"2009-06-15","dissolved_on":null,"registry_url":"https://www.allabolag.se/5567839807","registry_ref":null,"operates_services":[],"former_names":[],"verification":"registry-aggregator","source":{"label":"Bolagsverket company data for 556783-9807, via allabolag","href":"https://www.allabolag.se/5567839807"},"note":"The registry record shows no parent company of its own, so this is the top of the Swedish chain. Mullvad's own about page attributes ultimate ownership to its two founders, which is a statement by the company rather than a registry fact.","retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"},{"id":"trezor-company-sro","name":"Trezor Company s.r.o.","registration_number":"02440032","jurisdiction":"Czech Republic","registered_seat":"Prague 8","status":"active","incorporated_on":"2013-12-12","dissolved_on":null,"registry_url":"https://ares.gov.cz/ekonomicke-subjekty/res/02440032","registry_ref":"file C 219483, Municipal Court in Prague","operates_services":["trezor"],"former_names":[{"name":"SatoshiLabs s.r.o.","until":"2021-09-30","note":"The company register records this name from incorporation on 2013-12-12 until it was struck on 2021-09-30, when Trezor Company s.r.o. was entered against the same IČO.","verification":"registry-primary"}],"verification":"registry-primary","source":{"label":"ARES full commercial register record for IČO 02440032","href":"https://ares.gov.cz/ekonomicke-subjekty/res/02440032"},"note":null,"retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"},{"id":"satoshilabs-group-as","name":"SatoshiLabs Group a.s.","registration_number":"08685916","jurisdiction":"Czech Republic","registered_seat":"Prague","status":"active","incorporated_on":null,"dissolved_on":null,"registry_url":"https://ares.gov.cz/ekonomicke-subjekty/res/08685916","registry_ref":null,"operates_services":[],"former_names":[],"verification":"registry-primary","source":{"label":"ARES full commercial register record for IČO 08685916","href":"https://ares.gov.cz/ekonomicke-subjekty/res/08685916"},"note":"A joint-stock company, so its own shareholders are not published in the commercial register the way a s.r.o.'s are. The chain is visible up to this point and stops here. The register lists no prior name for it.","retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"},{"id":"bitcoin-depot-inc","name":"Bitcoin Depot Inc.","registration_number":"CIK 0001901799","jurisdiction":"United States (Delaware)","registered_seat":null,"status":"active","incorporated_on":null,"dissolved_on":null,"registry_url":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001901799","registry_ref":"EIN 87-3219029","operates_services":["bitcoin-depot"],"former_names":[{"name":"GSR II Meteora Acquisition Corp.","until":"2023-06-30","note":"The blank-cheque acquisition company that Bitcoin Depot went public through. EDGAR carries the name change against the same CIK, so the filer is continuous.","verification":"regulatory-filing"},{"name":"GLA II Meteora Acquisition Corp.","until":"2022-01-03","note":"Held for a single day at registration before the GSR name was adopted.","verification":"regulatory-filing"}],"verification":"regulatory-filing","source":{"label":"SEC EDGAR submissions record, CIK 0001901799","href":"https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001901799"},"note":"The only entity here that files a public subsidiary list. Its EX-21.1 exhibit for the year ended 31 December 2025 names 13 subsidiaries across Delaware, Canada, Georgia, India, Brazil, Mexico and the United Kingdom, including BitAccess, Inc. at 80% and the rest wholly owned.","retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"},{"id":"simpleswap-ltd","name":"SimpleSwap Ltd","registration_number":null,"jurisdiction":"unstated","registered_seat":null,"status":"active","incorporated_on":null,"dissolved_on":null,"registry_url":null,"registry_ref":null,"operates_services":["simpleswap"],"former_names":[],"verification":"official-declaration","source":{"label":"SimpleSwap affiliate terms","href":"https://simpleswap.io/affiliate-terms"},"note":"Named in the service's own terms without a registration number or jurisdiction, and no register consulted on 2026-08-09 returned a matching current company. The operator is therefore identified but not verifiable, which is a materially weaker position than every other entity on this page.","retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"},{"id":"simple-swap-ltd-uk","name":"SIMPLE SWAP LTD","registration_number":"11847383","jurisdiction":"United Kingdom","registered_seat":"85 Great Portland Street, London W1W 7LT","status":"dissolved","incorporated_on":"2019-02-26","dissolved_on":"2021-07-27","registry_url":"https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/11847383","registry_ref":null,"operates_services":[],"former_names":[],"verification":"registry-primary","source":{"label":"UK Companies House, company 11847383","href":"https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/11847383"},"note":null,"retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"}],"edges":[{"parent":"fondation-proton","child":"proton-ag","kind":"principal-shareholder","stake":null,"since":null,"recorded_on":null,"verification":"official-declaration","statement":"As Proton's primary shareholder, the foundation exercises its control to ensure that Proton does not deviate from our mission. No change of control of Proton can occur without the consent of the Foundation.","note":"Both entities are registry-confirmed, but the shareholding between them is not. Swiss law does not require a company to publish its shareholders, so this edge rests on Proton's own account of its governance and cannot be checked against Zefix.","source":{"label":"Proton Foundation governance page","href":"https://proton.me/foundation"},"retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"},{"parent":"proton-ag","child":"protonvpn-ag","kind":"absorbed","stake":null,"since":null,"recorded_on":"2020-06-30","verification":"registry-primary","statement":"Fusion: reprise des actifs et passifs de ProtonVPN AG, à Plan-les-Ouates (CHE-496.963.746), selon contrat de fusion du 19.06.2020 et bilan au 31.12.2019.","note":"Recorded on both sides of the register: Proton AG lists ProtonVPN AG under companies taken over, and the ProtonVPN AG record names Proton AG as the entity that took it over. The VPN product has had no separate company since.","source":{"label":"Zefix succession record, Swiss Official Gazette 30.06.2020","href":"https://www.zefix.ch/en/search/entity/list/firm/1189263"},"retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"},{"parent":"amagicom-ab","child":"mullvad-vpn-ab","kind":"shareholder","stake":null,"since":null,"recorded_on":null,"verification":"registry-aggregator","statement":"The registry record for Mullvad VPN AB names Amagicom AB, organisation number 556783-9807, as its parent company.","note":null,"source":{"label":"Bolagsverket company data for 559238-4001, via allabolag","href":"https://www.allabolag.se/5592384001"},"retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"},{"parent":"satoshilabs-group-as","child":"trezor-company-sro","kind":"shareholder","stake":"82.5%","since":"2026-04-09","recorded_on":null,"verification":"registry-primary","statement":"The Czech commercial register lists SatoshiLabs Group a.s. (IČO 08685916) as holder of an 82.5% share in Trezor Company s.r.o., entered 2026-04-09 and not struck.","note":"The remaining 17.5% is held by four named individuals at 5%, 5%, 5% and 2.5%. Czech law publishes the shareholders of a s.r.o., which is why this chain is visible at all; the equivalent Swiss and Swedish holdings are not public in the same way. The holding was 96.5% between 2023-11-24 and 2026-04-09.","source":{"label":"ARES full commercial register record for IČO 02440032","href":"https://ares.gov.cz/ekonomicke-subjekty/res/02440032"},"retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"},{"parent":"simple-swap-ltd-uk","child":"simpleswap-ltd","kind":"predecessor","stake":null,"since":null,"recorded_on":"2021-07-27","verification":"registry-primary","statement":"SIMPLE SWAP LTD, company number 11847383, incorporated 26 February 2019 and dissolved 27 July 2021.","note":"The UK company was dissolved in 2021 and the service continued. Whatever operates it now is not this company, and the terms do not say what it is.","source":{"label":"UK Companies House, company 11847383","href":"https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/11847383"},"retrieved_at":"2026-08-09"}]},"meta":{"total":5,"api_version":"1.2","powered_by":"cunicula.com","documentation_url":"https://cunicula.com/en/api-docs","machine_index_url":"https://cunicula.com/llms.txt","license":"LicenseRef-Cunicula-Attribution-1.0","license_url":"https://cunicula.com/en/cite","attribution":"Cunicula, \"{name}\", cunicula.com, reviewed {reviewed}, retrieved {retrieved}, {url}","cite_guide_url":"https://cunicula.com/en/cite","dataset_url":"https://cunicula.com/api/v1/dataset","schema_version":"1.1.0","filters":{},"counts":{"entities":10,"edges":5,"services":9,"jurisdictions":6,"registry_primary_edges":3,"dissolved_entities":2},"verification_tiers":{"registry-primary":"Read directly from the official register's own record or API on the retrieval date. The register is the authority for this fact.","regulatory-filing":"Read from a filing the entity was legally required to make to a regulator (SEC exhibits, annual reports). Authoritative for the filing date, not necessarily current.","registry-aggregator":"Read from a service that republishes official registry data. Accurate in practice, but one step removed from the register.","official-declaration":"Stated by the entity itself on its own governance or legal page. This is how most non-equity control arrangements become knowable at all, and it is not independently verifiable."},"method":"Direct retrieval on 2026-08-09 against the Swiss Zefix API (www.zefix.ch/ZefixREST/api/v1), the Czech ARES full-record endpoint (ares.gov.cz/.../ekonomicke-subjekty-vr), SEC EDGAR (data.sec.gov submissions plus the EX-21.1 subsidiary exhibit), UK Companies House, and Bolagsverket data via allabolag. Every entity below was fetched, not searched for and assumed.","last_verified":"2026-08-09","scope":"Ownership links between the legal entities behind listed services, each read from the register that publishes it. An absent link means no primary record was found, not that the company has no owner: Swiss and Swedish registers do not publish shareholders, and a chain that stops has hit the limit of the public record rather than reached an ultimate owner. Not an audit."}}